PurposeThe acute-on-chronic exacerbations of end-stage respiratory diseases often result in prolonged hospital stays, relating these events to ethical conflicts in the fields of medical futility and distributive justice. This study aimed to understand patients’ preferences for life-sustaining treatments when clinically stable and during regular follow-up visits, and to determine the factors that can influence these preferences.ProcedureThis was a prospective, observational, exploratory study using convenience sampling. Over a three-year period, the study enrolled 106 adult outpatients with end-stage pulmonary disease on long-term (...) oxygen treatment with/without noninvasive mechanical ventilation with dyspnoea scores of 6 or more in the modified Borg dyspnoea scale and one of the following: Gold stage IV, diffusing capacity <40%, heart failure ) stage III/IV, or systolic pulmonary artery... (shrink)

A proposta do artigo é analisar o fenômeno peculiar da honraria santoral na comunidade messiânico-milenarista de Pau de Colher (Casa Nova, sertão da Bahia, 1934-1938). A partir de um recorte histórico-cultural e teológico, a investigação será encaminhada no sentido de esclarecer a atuação de uma liderança religiosa, popular e carismática atada a modelos de santidade gestados durante o período medieval no ocidente cristão e transmigrados para o Novo Mundo após os descobrimentos. O texto apresenta documentação inédita e estabelece uma discussão (...) - a partir de obras clássicas e outras referências garimpadas ao longo da pesquisa - em torno da manifestação de santos católicos no interior baiano na década de 30 do século XX. O movimento de Pau de Colher, através da pregação de seus líderes, instituiu um diálogo com uma tradição que remonta às origens do cristianismo; fez crer na ressurreição de personagens como São José, o Carpinteiro e Santa Maria, a Imaculada -, figuras privilegiadas em nosso estudo -; e re-atualizou um conjunto de credos e valores transmitidos pelas mãos de missionários itinerantes e de beatos errantes durante a história do Brasil, revelando um intenso hibridismo entre catolicismo popular e eclesiástico. Palavras-chave: Pau de Colher; santos; sertão; catolicismo; religiosidade popular.The aim of this paper is to analyze the peculiar phenomenon of the honor saints in the messianic-millenarian community of Pau de Colher (Casa Nova, interior of Bahia, 1934-1938). From a cultural-historical and theological approach, the research will be directed towards clarifying the role of religious, popular and charismatic leadership tied to models of holiness gestated during the medieval period in the Christian West and transmigrated to the New World after the discoveries. The paper presents unpublished documentation and provides a discussion - from classical works and other references panned throughout the research - around the manifestation of catholic saints in the Bahia´s hinterland in the 30s of the twentieth century. The movement of Pau de Colher, through the preaching of their leaders, established a dialogue with a tradition dating back to the origins of christianity; did believe in the resurrection of characters as St. Joseph the Carpenter and St. Mary, the Immaculate - privileged figures in our study -; and re-updated a set of beliefs and values transmitted by the hands of itinerant missionaries and blessed wandering during Brazil's history, revealing an intense hybridization between popular and ecclesiastical catholicism. Key words: Pau de Colher; saints; hinterland; catholicism; popular religiousness. (shrink)

The recent pandemic and consequent lockdown had a substantial impact on mental health and optimism regarding the future. Previous research showed that levels of depression, anxiety, and stress had increased throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, how individuals cope when faced with adversity may be associated with positive expectations regarding the future. A sample of 274 Portuguese workers with a mean age of 40.86 and work experience of 19.68 years met inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the proposed study. They represented (...) a variety of working classes. We investigated the associations between depression, stress, anxiety, adaptive and maladaptive coping, and optimism while controlling for working experience, gender, and work type. We found that depression was related to lower levels of optimism. However, for participants scoring high on adaptive coping and anxiety, higher scores of optimism were reported. Gender, work type, and experience did not significantly influence the results. These results provide evidence through which positive mental health can be promoted after the pandemic. (shrink)

O presente manuscrito apresenta relações de religiosidade e espiritualidade (R∕E) com diferentes indicadores sociais, educacionais e de saúde durante a Pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil Particularmente, mostra que R∕E tem efeitos positivos nos indicadores de felicidade, bem-estar subjetivo, percepção de dor e nos diferentes índices de saúde mental. Conclui afirmando que a dimensão religiosidade e espiritualidade tem múltiplas facetas, embora seja ainda negligenciada no ensino e na pesquisa em saúde pública, especialmente em saúde mental.

Uma das formas do poder feminino-africano se manifesta de forma acentuada no campo da espiritualidade, tanto no mundo visível, ou seja, dos vivos, quanto no mundo invisível, o dos mortos. Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, sobre o poder exercido pelas mulheres africanas e que raras vezes são consideradas ou visibilizadas como formas de poder na contramão de uma vasta literatura em que as mulheres, na sua maioria, são consideradas submissas. O interesse recai sobre práticas de tornar-se (...) djambakus, Balobêru, nganga, Mutombe ou tchimbanda em duas realidades, a guineense e a angolana. A riqueza dos relatos das experiências de uma guineense, moradora de Ziguinchor, Senegal, com foco nas tradições ancestrais para transmitir e explicar o sagrado por intermédio da história oral, reforçam a análise da concepção do lugar destas mulheres no exercício do poder ocultado. O trabalho é de caráter teórico-qualitativo: revisão de literatura, entrevistas e história oral. O recurso da oralidade dialoga com a condição de escassez de documentos escritos sobre curandeiras, djambacus, Balobêru e nganga que se dedicam a curar. Foi entrevistada uma djambakus que transita entre Guiné-Bissau e Senegal. Os resultados apontam para a potência de mulheres na prática sagrada de cura pelo encontro de conhecimentos populares, saberes africanos tradicionais, ancestrais e do bem-estar de suas comunidades ou tabancas. (shrink)

A presente proposta tem por objetivo refletir sobre a experiência didático­ pedagógica dos Laboratórios de Pesquisa e Prática de Ensino em Ciências Sociais – LAPPCS, componente curricular necessário à formação de professores de sociologia para o ensino médio, do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Sociais, do Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido – CDSA/UFCG. Os LAPPCS podem ser caracterizados como espaços de análise crítico­reflexivo das escolas de Ensino Médio, predominantemente, em suas dimensões organizacional, pedagógica e cultural, nos quais se analisa (...) o trabalho docente com os diferentes sujeitos da aprendizagem: crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos do campo e da cidade. A pesquisa, como prática contínua, constitui uma ferramenta fundamental para os LAPPCS, possibilitando, ao futuro docente, diagnosticar situações relacionadas com o sujeito da aprendizagem, elaborar ações planejadas, executá­las e avaliá­las, contribuindo para que o fenômeno educativo aconteça de forma satisfatória, contextualizada e intercultural. (shrink)

A pesquisa analisou a liberdade de expressão e a censura judicial no contexto inserido pela internet. Por meio do estudo bibliográfico e jurisprudencial, buscou-se definir o conteúdo do direito à liberdade de expressão e o seu exercício através da internet. Em seguida, passou-se a examinar o polêmico Inquérito das “fake news” (4.781 DF), do qual emanaram-se decisões colidentes com as garantias conferidas à liberdade de expressão. Por fim, após a discussão dos resultados, buscou-se evidenciar os perigos da censura judicial nas (...) plataformas virtuais. (shrink)

A disciplina Filosofia no ensino secundário/médio brasileiro apresenta um movimento de intermitência caracterizado ora pela presença garantida, ora pela presença indefinida e ora pela ausência garantida, tal como define Dalton José Alves. Analisar esse fenômeno pela perspectiva da história das disciplinas escolare,s sob a compreensão de Chervel e Goodson, foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Para a investigação utilizou-se como fontes as leis de reformas do ensino secundário brasileiro, os programas da disciplina e a distribuição da carga horária destinada ao seu (...) ensino determinadas pelas reformas. Concluiu-se que essa intermitência foi favorecida pelas políticas governamentais liberais de cunho desenvolvimentista, pela ausência de um corpus academicus que sustentasse a Filosofia enquanto disciplina na Educação Básica brasileira e pela aparente inadequação do saber filosófico à proposta da escola moderna. (shrink)

Robert Kilwardby on the Human Soul examines Kilwardby’s role in conciliating Aristotelian and Augustinian views on the soul, soul-body relation, and cognition.

Robert Kilwardby is a central figure in late medieval philosophy and theology, but key areas of his thought still remain unexamined in a systematic way. This book offers a comprehensive overview of his works, ranging from topics in logic to theology, done in a way that is accessible to non-specialists and to anyone interested in medieval thought.

In this article, I discuss Robert Kilwardby’s theory of judgement and consider its implications for his view of truth and falsity. I start by considering Kilwardby’s claim that truth and falsity are primarily found in composite thought, i.e. judgement. I then examine his distinction between two different kinds of being, namely real and conceptual, arguing that different kinds of true judgement, according to Kilwardby, have different kinds of existential import, either real or merely conceptual. Since Kilwardby develops his position by (...) commenting on Aristotle’s logical treatises, an important aim of the article is that of showing how he addresses exegetical issues in those sources and offers solutions that go beyond Aristotle’s alleged intentions. The focus of the paper is on negative judgement because that is where Kilwardby diverges from Aristotle most conspicuously. (shrink)

How we come to know the external world has intrigued thinkers throughout the history of philosophy. Medieval philosophers understood that a theory of perception requires an account of the categorization of sensory information: to perceive things as being dangerous or beneficial and even as being individuals that belong to certain kinds (e.g., 'this is a dog'). A key question is whether this requires the intervention of rational cognitive capacities, cooperating with sensory ones in normal instances of perception. The contributions to (...) this volume investigate how thinkers from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries answer this and other related questions about human perception. Contributors are Fabrizio Amerini, Joel Biard, Veronique Decaix, Christian Kny, Lydia Schumacher, Josee Filipe Silva, and Jorg Alejandro Tellkamp. (shrink)

In the present article I examine Robert Kilwardby’s reading of Augustine’s and Anselm’s theories of the verbum mentis. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, I examine how Kilwardby’s criterion for personal distinction within the divine Trinity is applied to the powers of the rational soul. Kilwardby considers Anselm’s understanding of the Augustinian solution unable to support the real distinction of persons. In the two remaining sections, I inspect the two models of thinking: thinking as speaking and (...) thinking as seeing. It will be argued that Kilwardby accepts the seeing model and rejects the speaking model. (shrink)

The aim of the present work is to show the roots of the conception of perception as an active process, tracing the history of its development from Plato to modern philosophy. The contributors inquire into what activity is taken to mean in different theories, challenging traditional historical accounts of perception that stress the passivity of percipients in coming to know the external world. Special attention is paid to the psychological and physiological mechanisms of perception, rational and non-rational perception and the (...) role of awareness in the perceptual process. Perception has often been conceived as a process in which the passive aspects - such as the reception of sensory stimuli - were stressed and the active ones overlooked. However, during recent decades research in cognitive science and philosophy of mind has emphasized the activity of the subject in the process of sense perception, often associating this activity to the notions of attention and intentionality. Although it is recognized that there are ancient roots to the view that perception is fundamentally active, the history remains largely unexplored. The book is directed to all those interested in contemporary debates in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology who would like to become acquainted with the historical background of active perception, but for historical reliability the aim is to make no compromises. (shrink)

New Blackfriars, Volume 102, Issue 1101, Page 623-636, September 2021.

Augustine is often credited for upholding a theory of active perception, whereby our acquaintance with ordinary material objects and their properties cannot be explained by the causal efficaciousness of these objects. In a previous work, I attempted to connect this theory with the account of perception found in his treatise On the Trinity. Mark Kalderon has challenged this ‘reconciliationist’ reading, claiming that in this work Augustine admits to a strong causal role of the object in bringing about perceptual experiences. In (...) this paper I stand by my original reading, with one important qualification: the object is a cause in determining the content of the act of perception, but not of the perceptual act or the activity of the soul in general. (shrink)

The articles in this issue are a selection of the papers presented at the conference Knowledge as Assimilation, held at the University of Helsinki on 9-11 June 2017. The conference was the result of a collaboration between two research groups that have been established in Finland and Sweden from 2013 onwards: the research project Rationality in Perception: Transformations of Mind and Cognition 1250-1550, funded by the European Research Council and hosted by the University of Helsinki, and the research programme Representation (...) and Reality: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Aristotelian Tradition, funded by the Riksbankens jubileumsfond and located at the University of Gothenburg. (shrink)

The general aim of this very welcome volume is to explore the relation between pragmatism and neuroscience. The thirteen chapters are evenly divided into four parts, roughly organized around the themes of brain and pragmatism, emotion and cognition, creativity and education, and ethics.The beginning chapter written by the editors attempts to show that advances in behavioral and brain sciences intersect core theses of pragmatism with regards to cognition and the mind-world relation. The basic assumption is that neuroscience and pragmatism share (...) a naturalist program: pragmatism refers all philosophical explanation to experimental science and neuroscience explains all.. (shrink)

Thomas Aquinas describes embryological development as a succession of vital principles, souls, or substantial forms of which the last places the developing being in its own species. In the case of human beings this form is the rational soul. Aquinas' well-known commitment to the view that there is only one substantial form for each composite and that a substantial form directly informs prime matter leads to the conclusion that the succession of soul kinds is non-cumulative. The problem is that this (...) view seems to entail discontinuity in the process of generation. Aquinas argues for the continuity of a conceived being by appealing to the teleological argument at the core of Aristotle's embryogenesis theory: according to Aristotle, embryonic development is a gradual actualization of the form of the species, potentially present in the embryo from the outset. Aquinas denies such a gradualist account due to his metaphysical commitments , arguing instead that the .. (shrink)

In this article, I discuss Robert Kilwardby’s theory of judgement and consider its implications for his view of truth and falsity. I start by considering Kilwardby’s claim that truth and falsity are primarily found in composite thought, i.e. judgement. I then examine his distinction between two different kinds of being, namely real and conceptual, arguing that different kinds of true judgement, according to Kilwardby, have different kinds of existential import, either real or merely conceptual. Since Kilwardby develops his position by (...) commenting on Aristotle’s logical treatises, an important aim of the article is that of showing how he addresses exegetical issues in those sources and offers solutions that go beyond Aristotle’s alleged intentions. The focus of the paper is on negative judgement because that is where Kilwardby diverges from Aristotle most conspicuously. (shrink)

Embora a expressão ‘neologismo’ nos dê a impressão de uma palavra exótica, que causa uma certa estranheza ao usuário da língua, ela, na verdade, refere-se a qualquer palavra recém-criada que entra em uso num idioma. Toda língua, em seu estágio inicial, é simples, rudimentar e refere-se, principalmente, ao concreto. Conforme a sociedade vai-se aprimorando e tornando-se complexa, também a língua usada por essa sociedade vai-se aprimorando, refinando, atendendo às necessidades de seus falantes. Com o latim não foi diferente. Para se (...) transformar numa língua capaz de expressar a grandeza da civilização romana, o latim teve que, dentre outros processos, ampliar seu léxico, criando novas palavras. E é esse processo de produtividade lexical que este trabalho se propõe a observar, ainda que superficialmente. (shrink)

Given the need to explore the factors that can account for a better understanding of the intention-behavior gap in exercise practice in health club settings, and considering the emergence of hedonic assumptions related to exercise adherence, this cross-sectional study aimed to test the moderation effect of the intensity traits agreement/disagreement in three relevant outcomes of exercise enjoyment: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. A sample consisted of 273 exercisers enrolled in nine health clubs who voluntarily fulfilled a (...) battery of questionnaires. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.5. The results of the study presented a moderation effect of exercise intensity traits agreement on three relevant enjoyment outcomes: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. No relevant results emerged from intensity traits disagreement. The results suggest that assessing and tailoring exercise prescription and supervision in order to customize exercise intensity may influence future exercise participation. (shrink)

Despite being one of the major figures in late medieval thought and being the subject of numerous studies, certain topics concerning the Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa remain in need of further investigation. One of these is an aspect of his theory of cognition: his account of sense perception. It is our aim in this study to systematically look at his scattered remarks on the topic and make a number of suggestions as to the nature of his thought on how we (...) come to know external things. It is not our purpose to offer a comprehensive account of his theory of cognition. Our focus in this article is on his account of perception and the specific claim that Nicholas develops a model whereby reason operates together with the senses in perceptual experience. Despite being tentative our claim is grounded on suggestions found in the scholarship on Cusanus; but these suggestions remain quite vague and in need of exploration. In this article, we closely examine the textual evidence and develop our claim based o... (shrink)

This article discusses the theories of perception of Robert Kilwardby and Peter of John Olivi. Our aim is to show how in challenging certain assumptions of medieval Aristotelian theories of perception they drew on Augustine and argued for the active nature of the soul in sense perception. For both Kilwardby and Olivi, the soul is not passive with respect to perceived objects; rather, it causes its own cognitive acts with respect to external objects and thus allows the subject to perceive (...) them. We also show that Kilwardby and Olivi differ substantially regarding where the activity of the soul is directed to and the role of the sensible species in the process, and we demonstrate that there are similarities between their ideas of intentionality and the attention of the soul towards the corporeal world. (shrink)

Perception of the external world is an essential part of the animal (including human) life, both as a source of knowledge and as a way to survive. Medieval authors accepted this view, and despite general concerns about the reliability of the senses in the acquisition of certain and objective knowledge, they thought that for the most part our perceptual system gets things right when it comes to the perceptual features of things—but not always. Our article focuses on thirteenth- and fourteenth-century (...) philosophical discussions of illusions and other types of perceptual errors. Reception of incorrect information, misjudgments concerning perceptual objects, the binding problem, and similar cases that explain perceptual errors will be analyzed. We discuss what might be called medieval Aristotelian/Avicennian theories of perception and the internal senses (drawing mainly from Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas), as well as the so-called perspectivist accounts of perception, especially that by Alhacen. Finally, we take up a debate between Peter Auriol and his critics, which contains elements that can be seen as precursors of later skeptical worries. The concern here is that, just like in contemporary discussions leading to disjunctivism, the absence of a secure way to distinguish between veridical and non-veridical perception leads to a general worry about the reliability of our experience of the world. (shrink)

Fortunately – and perhaps surprisingly, due to the size of a field which remains absent from most philosophy departments, especially in the Anglophone world – medieval philosophy is awash with exce...

Fortunately – and perhaps surprisingly, due to the size of a field which remains absent from most philosophy departments, especially in the Anglophone world – medieval philosophy is awash with exce...

The critical edition of Robert Kilwardby’s Notule libri Priorum by Thom and Scott is a great scholarly achievement. The edition of the thirteenth-century Dominican’s commentary to Aristotle’s Prior...

Com este artigo, pretendeu-se problematizar a integração da hipermídia educacional, nas Atividades de Estudo a Distância (AEDs), como possibilidade de potencializar a interação mediada por computador. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias que embasaram o planejamento, a organização e a implementação de uma AED mediada pelo Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). Assim, observou-se que é essencial que as AEDs sejam planejadas e organizadas didaticamente pelo professor, que define quais propósitos pretende alcançar no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem mediado pelas (...) Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), pois, elaborar uma AED hipermidiática e guiar seu desenvolvimento, tanto com relação à tecnologia quanto ao próprio conteúdo em questão, colabora na proposição de alternativas para resolvê-las e também possibilita uma maior interação entre os envolvidos (professor e alunos) na apropriação crítica do conhecimento escolar, o que contribui para a sustentabilidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem significativo e interativo para todos os envolvidos. (shrink)

The study of perception and the role of the senses have recently risen to prominence in philosophy and are now a major area of study and research. However, the philosophical history of the senses remains a relatively neglected subject. Moving beyond the current philosophical canon, this outstanding collection offers a wide-ranging and diverse philosophical exploration of the senses, from the classical period to the present day. Written by a team of international contributors, it is divided into six parts: -/- Perception (...) from Non-Western Perspectives Perception in the Ancient Period Perception in the Medieval Latin/Arabic Period Perception in the Early Modern Period Perception in the Post-Kantian Period Perception in the Contemporary Period. The volume challenges conventional philosophical study of perception by covering a wide range of significant, as well as hitherto overlooked, topics, such as perceptual judgment, temporal and motion illusions, mirror and picture perception, animal senses and cross-modal integration. By investigating the history of the senses in thinkers such as Plotinus, Auriol, Berkeley and Cavendish; and considering the history of the senses in diverse philosophical traditions, including Chinese, Indian, Byzantine, Greek and Latin it brings a fresh approach to studying the history of philosophy itself. -/- Including a thorough introduction as well as introductions to each section by the editors, The Senses and the History of Philosophy is essential reading for students and researchers in the history of philosophy, perception, philosophy of mind, philosophical psychology, aesthetics and eastern and non-western philosophy. It will also be extremely useful for those in related disciplines such as psychology, religion, sociology, intellectual history and cognitive sciences. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that one of the reasons for Hegel’s failure in consummating the project of “construct the absolute for consciousness” presented in 1801 in his Writing on Difference consisted in the patent mismatch between the negativity to which the determinations of finitude would be submitted and the conception of the absolute still substantially thought. Precisely, what we call here the archaism of substantiality would set the tone of this mismatch that still entailed the (...) heterogeneity between finitude, with its way of ascending to the absolute, and the absolute itself. Among other things, this will become clearer observing the formalism of the intuitionist proposal that Hegel presents at that time, aiming to safeguard the elevation of consciousness without its intrinsic negativity tainting the absolutity of the principle to which it was elevated. (shrink)

Competitive sports involve physiological, technical and psychological skills, which influence directly on individuals’ performance. This study aims to investigate the levels of perceived stress and Heart Rate Variability before and after matches with victory and defeat in professional eSports athletes. Our hypothesis was that the winners would have better autonomic and stress responses after match, thus corroborating the literature on neurocardiac connections. Fifty male eSport players were selected players from 10 different Brazilian teams. The experiment was carried out in 2 (...) sessions. Firstly, after signing the informed consent form, 24 h before the game, anthropometric, physical activity levels and time of expertise data were recorded only for sample characterization and the players were familiarized with the perceived stress scale—10 and the HRV measurements. Secondly, players performed the PSS-10 and HRV recording at rest by 10 min 60 and 30 min before the game and 10 min after the end of the game. Overall, concerning PSS-10 our findings show that VG had significant reduced scores in post-game time compared to baseline and pre-game times, while DG had significant increased scores in post-game time compared to BL and pre-game times. Regarding HRV, our results demonstrate that VG had significant increase in RR, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50 and HF, and significant decrease in LF and LF/HF, while DG had a significant decrease in RR, SDNN, rMSSD and HF, and significant increase in LF and LF/HF. It was observed that VG had better HRV responses as well as lower levels of perceived stress, while DG had worst HRV responses and higher levels of perceived stress. (shrink)

Com este artigo, pretendeu-se problematizar a integração da hipermídia educacional, nas Atividades de Estudo a Distância (AEDs), como possibilidade de potencializar a interação mediada por computador. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias que embasaram o planejamento, a organização e a implementação de uma AED mediada pelo Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). Assim, observou-se que é essencial que as AEDs sejam planejadas e organizadas didaticamente pelo professor, que define quais propósitos pretende alcançar no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem mediado pelas (...) Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), pois, elaborar uma AED hipermidiática e guiar seu desenvolvimento, tanto com relação à tecnologia quanto ao próprio conteúdo em questão, colabora na proposição de alternativas para resolvê-las e também possibilita uma maior interação entre os envolvidos (professor e alunos) na apropriação crítica do conhecimento escolar, o que contribui para a sustentabilidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem significativo e interativo para todos os envolvidos. (shrink)

Books Received listing for: American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly: Journal of the American Catholic Philosophical Association. Winter2013, Vol. 87 Issue 1, p219-220. 2p.

O presente trabalho vem apresentar o relato de experiência docente da atividade de aula de campo no Parque Botânico do Ceará e sua relação com a disciplina de filosofia e suas possibilidades. Por entender que a educação não se limita ao espaço físico da escola, a aula de campo se manifesta como uma prática de ensino e uma construção de novas vivências e processos de ensino e aprendizagem. A atividade desenvolvida foi fruto do processo de formação e supervisão de estágio (...) a partir da seguinte proposta (tarefa para os estagiários) “Elabore uma aula de campo de filosofia”. Para cumprir essa proposta foram sistematizadas 3 etapas: 1 Planejamento, 2 Execução e 3 Avaliação. E como tema norteador da aula foi a educação ambiental tendo como justificativa que a natureza sempre foi objeto de interesse da filosofia e ser um tema transversal e recorrente nos exames de avaliação do ensino médio (ENEM). Tendo como resultados desta experiência a efetivação de aspectos referentes às competências e diretrizes do currículo formal dos estudantes do ensino médio, assim como dos estagiários (docentes em formação) em seu currículo não formal. (shrink)

Resumo O presente artigo trata do conceito heideggeriano In-der-Welt-Sein. O objetivo, por sua vez, é o esclarecimento do significado e da função do artigo “der” que encontramos na referida expressão. Para tanto, o artigo foca predominantemente nos modos-de-ser dos entes intramundanos e no fenômeno da Weltanschauung, tomando-os como os elementos fundamentais para uma compreensão satisfatória e global do evento do In-der-Welt-Sein, enquanto sinônimo geral da existência do Dasein. Desta forma, tanto os modos-de-ser dos entes intramundanos como a estrutura da Weltanschauung (...) são tomados como aqueles fenômenos que, representados na expressão In-der-Welt-Sein pelo artigo “der”, singularizam “mundo” enquanto sentido do ser desvelado para a compreensão do Dasein – inapelavelmente manifestado em alguma especificidade concreta. Palavras-chave : In-der-Welt-Sein, Mundo, Weltanschauung, Ente intramundano, Vorhandenheit. ZuhandenheitThe present article treats of the heideggerian concept In-der-Welt-Sein. The goal, in turn, is the clarification of the meaning and function of the article “der” we find in the expression. To this end, the article focus predominantly on the manners-of-being of the intraworldly beings and in the phenomenon of the Weltanschauung, taking them as the fundamental elements for a satisfactory and global understanding of the event of the In-der-Welt-Sein, while general synonym of the existence of Dasein. Thus, manners-of-being of the intraworldly beings and the structure of the Weltanschauung is taken as those phenomena that, represented in the expression In-der-Welt-Sein for the article “der”, they make single “world” while sense of being watched for the understanding of Dasein – unappealably manifested in some concrete specificity. Keywords : In-der-Welt-Sein, Intraworldly beings, Vorhandenheit. Weltanschauung, World, Zuhandenheit. (shrink)

Our interest, in this paper, concern the sorts of justice founded in the Republic of Plato. Therefore, I will take the reflections of Sachs and Vlastos about this topic. We assert, to the contrary of these searchers, that exist five principal forms in this work, namely: the justice in the elements of the soul; in the private relationships, governed by morality's standart precepts; in the public relationships, group that practise the maxim of doing its own in the polis; in the (...) elements of the polis; and at last, that Plato don't discussed, but he have maked mention of, the relationship between a city and another. I conclude that these forms not depend on one another. (shrink)

Este artigo procura mostrar a relevância dos mitos no mundo contemporâneo, tomando como exemplo um mito africano do afastamento de Deus. No seguimento de Eliade, os mitos são considerados úteis e imprescindíveis, devido às funções que desempenham e aos valores que transmitem. Eles são paradigmas para o comportamento humano. O artigo aborda, igualmente, a questão da legitimidade de uma apropriação cristã dos mitos e a relação existente entre o mito e a filosofia /// Taking as an example an African myth (...) of the withdrawal of God, this article shows how a myth can function as a paradigm for human behaviour and religious practices. Eliade's categories on myth are used to understand its functions, values and relevance in today's world. Moreover, it raises the question of the legitimacy of a Christian appropriation of ancient myths and deals with the relation between myth and philosophy. (shrink)

Neste artigo examina-se a situação dos NMRs. Utilizando dados da sua crescente proliferação na África, apresentam-se vários modelos teóricos, numa tentativa de elucidar o seu desenvolvimento. Dá-se uma atenção particular à questão de saber se esses modelos teóricos são culturalmente condicionados e são suficientes para uma compreensão global dos NMRs. /// Cet article examine la situation des Nouveaux Mouvements religieux. Utilisant des données de leur croissante prolifération en Afrique, l'auteur présente plusieurs modèles en un essai d'élucidation de leur développement. Il (...) fait particulièrement attention à la question de savoir sices modèles théoriques sont culturellement conditionnés et suffisants pour une compréhension globale des N.M.R. /// This article examines the situation of NMRs. Taking as example the development of NMRs in Africa, the author considers the contribution of various theoretical models, specifically deprivation, revitalisation and brainwashing theories. Particular attention is given to the question whether or not these models are culture specific and/or to whether or not they are applicable to the present development of NMRs. (shrink)